A-035 Association between Obesity and Prostate Specific Antigen level in Diabetes Mellitus Type2

Abstract

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index commonly used to classify obesity. It is defined as a person’s weight(kg) divided by the square of his height (m). An inverse relationship between obesity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been reported by previous studies with lower PSA levels found in groups with a higher body mass index (BMI). The main objective of this current study is to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and PSA in male patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods This study uses a case-control experimental procedure to assess adult men between 40–75 years old, attending University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria. Eighty-six (86) of the volunteers recruited for this study were patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and sixty (60) others were non-diabetic patients used as controls. Consent was sorted from these patients, and a questionnaire was given to the participants in which data about their age, family history of diabetes, and prostate condition was collected. Their hospital folders were used to confirm their diabetic status and prostate gland health. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated after measuring weight (kg) and height(m). Blood samples were assayed to determine the fasting blood sugar (FBS) using Glucose Oxidase enzymatic method, and total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) concentration was determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Body mass index (BMI), as a “gold standard” approach for obesity classification, was used to group the patients as; underweight (below 18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), pre-obesity (25.0–29.9), obesity class I (30–34.9), obesity class II (35.0–34.9), and obesity class III (40 and above). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyze data generated and compared between groups using student T-test. Statistical difference was at a P value of 0.05 or higher. Results The result of this study demonstrated a significant difference in the BMI of diabetic men (test) and non-diabetic men (control). Moreso, lower tPSA was observed in obese men compared to normal BMI in both test and control. Hemodilution caused by elevated plasma volume, which may reduce serum concentration of soluble tumor markers, may be responsible for lower PSA levels in obese men. Conclusion Obesity may hinder the ability to detect prostate cancer at an earlier stage. Therefore, BMI should be considered while determining a PSA threshold for prostate disorders screening.