Abstract
Abstract Absolute—Without reference to any particular system, as opposed to ‘relative’. Among the physical quantities characterizing a system, some, such as volume or entropy, are defined in absolute value and are directly accessible to experiment. More often, thermodynamic quantities (energies, potentials) can only be defined in relative value, experiment giving access only to their changes. An absolute scale of temperature is a scale defined independently of any material. The expansion of mercury, the electrical resistance of platinum, or the potential difference of a thermocouple do not allow the definition of an absolute scale, but only of a relative scale of temperature.
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