Abstract
With the rapid development of GIS and computer techniques, vector map data has been widely used in many fields. Since the production of map data is very costly, illegal copying will result in huge loss for data owners. In order to protect the copyright of vector data, digital watermarking has been employed in recent years. In this paper, a zero-watermarking scheme for vector map data is proposed. In the proposed scheme, FVDR (feature vertex distance ratio) is constructed based on the feature vertices of objects. The feature data, FVDR, is combined with watermark to generate the zero-watermark. Due to the specially designed cover data, the proposed scheme is robust to geometrical attacks, vertex attacks, and object attacks. The results of extensive experiments also demonstrate the robustness of the proposed scheme.
Highlights
The digital map is one type of important digital resources which has been widely used in navigation, urban planning, and many other areas
Due to high processing cost in the acquisition of digital map data, it becomes a valuable resource to its owner and has high price
As an effective approach for copyright protection, watermarking has been naturally introduced in the protection of digital map
Summary
The digital map is one type of important digital resources which has been widely used in navigation, urban planning, and many other areas. The scheme proposed in [8] is only robust to geometrical attacks. We focus on a watermarking scheme for a particular kind of object in digital map, polyline. Our goal is to generate a watermark from a set of polylines, without distortion of main characteristics and with resistance to malicious attacks. (2) Based on FVDR, we propose a method to map each bit of the watermark to a polyline in the host data. (3) A majority voting mechanism is adopted to generate watermark bits from corresponding groups of polylines, which provides robustness to both vertex and object attacks. As shown by the experimental results, the proposed scheme is robust to geometrical attacks, vertex attacks, and object attacks.
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