Abstract
Most of the existing zero-watermark schemes for medical images are only appropriate for a single grayscale image. When they protect a large number of medical images, repeating operations will cause a significant amount of time and storage costs. Hence, this paper proposes an efficient zero-watermark scheme for multiple color medical images based on quaternion generalized Fourier descriptor (QGFD). Firstly, QGFD is utilized to compute the feature invariants of each color image, then the representative features of each image are selected, stacked, and reshaped to generate a feature matrix, which is then binarized to get a binary feature image. Copyright information can be converted into the copyright image by using QR code technology, which contains more information. Finally, the zero-watermark image is constructed by executing the XOR operation on the copyright image and the feature image scrambled by the Cat map. In the experiment, different parameters are selected to determine the maximum number of images that the proposed scheme can protect simultaneously while achieving good robustness. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively resist common attacks, geometric attacks and joint attacks, and effectively improve the operation efficiency of the algorithm, thus effectively decreasing the time and storage cost of copyright protection for lots of medical images.
Highlights
With the development of multimedia technology and information processing technology, digitization has become an important means of information sharing and transmission, and it is widely used in many fields
Step 5: A zero-watermark image W is able to be acquired by performing the XOR manipulation on the scrambled feature image F and the copyright image C by Eq (9), which is saved to the trusted third party Intellectual Property Protection (IPR) agency as the basis for copyright verification
We use the normalized correlation (NC) [34] value to evaluate the robustness of the proposed scheme, and the calculation formula is shown in Eq (12)
Summary
With the development of multimedia technology and information processing technology, digitization has become an important means of information sharing and transmission, and it is widely used in many fields. As a lossless watermark technology, zero-watermark is more suitable for the protection of medical images and can effectively guarantee the integrity and quality of the images. When the number of images that need to be protected increases sharply, like the zero-watermark algorithm for a single image, these algorithms will cause higher time and storage costs, and reduce the efficiency of the algorithm. Integrating the features of multiple images into a matrix effectively improves the efficiency of the algorithm and saves the cost of storage space during copyright protection. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme using QGFD has strong robustness in dealing with various attacks, and can effectively reduce the time and storage cost of a large number of medical image protection, and improve the execution efficiency of the algorithm. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 summarizes the main related work of zero-watermark; Section 3 introduces related background knowledge principles; Section 4 presents the proposed zero-watermark scheme; Section 5 demonstrates and analyzes the performance of the proposed scheme; Section 6 summarizes the work of the paper
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