Abstract
A Y2O3:Yb nanoscale magnet that belongs to the cubic C-type or bixbyite structure family wassynthesized by high energy ball milling (HEBM). An as-prepared sample (S1) was annealed at650 °C (S2) and950 °C (S3).Cation populations were determined by the refinement of site occupancies. It was found that in S1 and S2Yb3+ ions occupyexclusively the 8b (or C3i) position, whereas in S3 a small amount ofYb3+ is also located onWyckoff-site 24d (or C2). X-ray powder diffraction line broadening analysis was done by using the Rietveldmethod using regular TCH-pV functions (isotropic effects) and symmetrized cubicharmonics (anisotropic effects) for the refinement. The line broadening anisotropydecreases due to strain effects from S1 to S3, while the crystallite size anisotropyincreases from S1 to S3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Ramanspectroscopy were used to define the homogeneity, microstructure and to locallyprobe the structure of the samples S1–S3. Magnetic susceptibility results in the2–300 K temperature regions were analysed by applying the first-order perturbationtheory. The mean energy gap between ground and excited crystal field levels(Ei), and their effectivemagnetic numbers Mieff, were determined. The analysis of the paramagnetic temperature shows the absence ofclusterization of the magnetic ions.
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