Abstract
One new case of dementia is detected every 4seconds and no effective drug therapy exists. Effective behavioural strategies to promote healthy cognitive ageing are thus essential. Three behaviours related to cognitive health which we all engage in daily are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. These time-use activity behaviours are linked to cognitive health in a complex and dynamic relationship not yet fully elucidated. Understanding how each of these behaviours is related to each other and cognitive health will help determine the most practical and effective lifestyle strategies for promoting healthy cognitive ageing. In this review, we discuss methods and analytical approaches to best investigate how these time-use activity behaviours are related to cognitive health. We highlight four key recommendations for examining these relationships such that researchers should include measures which (1) are psychometrically appropriate; (2) can specifically answer the research question; (3) include objective and subjective estimates of the behaviour and (4) choose an analytical method for modelling the relationships of time-use activity behaviours with cognitive health which is appropriate for their research question.
Highlights
Cognitive impairment and dementia overwhelmingly impact older adults.[1]
Three behaviours related to cognitive health which we all engage in daily are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep
Each moment of the day is spent in one of three basic activities which may play a critical role in maintaining older adult cognitive health – physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep.[7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
Cognitive impairment and dementia overwhelmingly impact older adults.[1]. One new case of dementia is detected every 3 seconds.[2]. Sedentary behaviour is defined as any wake-based behaviour which incurs ≤1.5 METs and includes behaviours such as sitting, television watching and lying down.[10] A common misconception is SB is the inverse of PA; SB is an independent behaviour with its own distinctive effects on health.[55] Like PA, SB can be classified by its duration, frequency, type and context; SB is not classified by its intensity since all SB requires low energy expenditure. Sleep efficiency/continuity: The ease of falling asleep and returning to sleep
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