A Wirelessly Controlled Scalable 3D-Printed Microsystem for Drug Delivery.

Farzad Forouzandeh,Robert D Frisina,David A Borkholder,Joseph P Walton,Parveen Bazard,Krittika Goyal,Xiaoxia Zhu,Nuzhet N Ahamed

doi:10.3390/ph14060538

Abstract

Here we present a 3D-printed, wirelessly controlled microsystem for drug delivery, comprising a refillable microreservoir and a phase-change peristaltic micropump. The micropump structure was inkjet-printed on the back of a printed circuit board around a catheter microtubing. The enclosure of the microsystem was fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing, with an embedded microreservoir structure and integrated micropump. In one configuration, the microsystem was optimized for murine inner ear drug delivery with an overall size of 19 × 13 × 3 mm3. Benchtop results confirmed the performance of the device for reliable drug delivery. The suitability of the device for long-term subcutaneous implantation was confirmed with favorable results of implantation of a microsystem in a mouse for six months. The drug delivery was evaluated in vivo by implanting four different microsystems in four mice, while the outlet microtubing was implanted into the round window membrane niche for infusion of a known ototoxic compound (sodium salicylate) at 50 nL/min for 20 min. Real-time shifts in distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds and amplitudes were measured during the infusion, demonstrating similar results with syringe pump infusion. Although demonstrated for one application, this low-cost design and fabrication methodology is scalable for use in larger animals and humans for different clinical applications/delivery sites.

Highlights

IntroductionAttention due to enhanced therapeutic interventions by enabling consistent drug delivery over time and improving patient comfort, safety, and compliance
Over the past few decades, controlled drug-delivery systems have drawn researchers’attention due to enhanced therapeutic interventions by enabling consistent drug delivery over time and improving patient comfort, safety, and compliance
We developed a microsystem for implantable and transdermal drug delivery with wireless control using 3D-printing technology

Summary

Introduction

Attention due to enhanced therapeutic interventions by enabling consistent drug delivery over time and improving patient comfort, safety, and compliance. Microscale reservoirbased systems have been employed in consistent administration and site-directed delivery to relieve systemic exposure to the drug and chemical side effects [1]. The miniaturized size of such systems assists local delivery to relatively inaccessible sites or specific tissues in small rodents and humans. Reservoir-based drug-delivery devices with volumes of a few hundred microliters have widespread applications in implantable and transdermal drug delivery. Implantable drug-delivery systems address current medical needs by enabling elegant and innovative drug-delivery concepts [1]. These devices usually store the drug in a reservoir while a Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 538.

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