Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a wireless pressure sensor for smart stent applications. The micromachined pressure sensor has an area of 3.13 × 3.16 mm2 and is fabricated with a photosensitive SU-8 polymer. The wireless pressure sensor comprises a resonant circuit and can be used without the use of an internal power source. The capacitance variations caused by changes in the intravascular pressure shift the resonance frequency of the sensor. This change can be detected using an external antenna, thus enabling the measurement of the pressure changes inside a tube with a simple external circuit. The wireless pressure sensor is capable of measuring pressure from 0 mmHg to 230 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 0.043 MHz/mmHg. The biocompatibility of the pressure sensor was evaluated using cardiac cells isolated from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. After inserting a metal stent integrated with the pressure sensor into a cardiovascular vessel of an animal, medical systems such as X-ray were employed to consistently monitor the condition of the blood vessel. No abnormality was found in the animal blood vessel for approximately one month. Furthermore, a biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone) stent was fabricated with a 3D printer. The polymer stent exhibits better sensitivity degradation of the pressure sensor compared to the metal stent.
Highlights
The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology is capable of high levels of integration and miniaturization and is adequate for thin-film production
170-μm-thick miniaturized LC wireless pressure sensor was integrated with the polymer stent using
170-μm-thick miniaturized LC wireless pressure sensor was integrated with the polymer stent using a biodegradable epoxy resin
Summary
The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology is capable of high levels of integration and miniaturization and is adequate for thin-film production. Leveraging these characteristics, many biotechnological (or medical implant related) applications became possible; this led to recent studies regarding implantable or wearable devices [1,2,3,4,5]. Its complexity, various packaging methods, and the lack of reliability of their linkage with various devices are still drawbacks Such kinds of devices are unsuitable for implantation in the human body or in the blood vessel because the integrated power supply devices have associated lifetime constraints. Passive devices are integrated with an inductor coil to wirelessly obtain the electric
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