Abstract
Surface processes, including non-linear surface wave interactions and bubble oscillations, dominate the deep water ambient noise in the absence of shipping and wildlife. A single-parameter noise model, determined by the wind speed above the ocean surface, is proposed to interpret the deep ocean acoustics from 1 Hz to 4 kHz. Below hundreds of hertz, the sound is primarily generated by surface wave interactions, which is the function of surface wave spectrum. A theoretical expression of wave spectrum is proposed to contain the gravity and capillary waves, which is in accord with the features of measured wave spectra. The noise spectrum for frequency above hundreds of hertz due to the effective bubble oscillation within the bubble cloud is proposed. The noise spectrum has been estimated as a function of frequency and wind speed based on available information of the bubble distribution. The model/data comparison shows that the proposed single-parameter noise model are in reasonable agreement with the data. [Work supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 11125420.]
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