Abstract
Emerging applications such as wireless sensing, position location, robotics, and many more are driven by the ultra-wide bandwidths available at millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) frequencies. The characterization and efficient utilization of wireless channels at these extremely high frequencies require detailed knowledge of the radio propagation characteristics of the channels. Such knowledge is developed through empirical observations of operating conditions using wireless transceivers that measure the impulse response through channel sounding. Today, cutting-edge channel sounders rely on several bulky RF hardware components with complicated interconnections, large parasitics, and sub-GHz RF bandwidth. This paper presents a compact sliding correlation-based channel sounder baseband built on a monolithic integrated circuit (IC) using 65 nm CMOS, implemented as an evaluation board achieving a 2 GHz RF bandwidth. The IC is the worlds first gigabit-per-second channel sounder baseband implemented in low-cost CMOS. The presented single-board system can be employed at both the transmit and receive baseband to study multipath characteristics and path loss. Thus, the singleboard implementation provides an inexpensive and compact solution for sliding correlation-based channel sounding with 1 ns multipath delay resolution.
Highlights
M ODERN silicon integrated circuit (IC) technology has become capable of fabricating components for wireless communication at Terahertz (THz) frequencies [1]
There is motivation for a compact integrated channel sounder system to supersede COTS systems for resolution of multipath components in mmWave and THz channels crucial for enabling diverse applications envisioned in the future [2], [9]
A 4095 chip pseudorandom noise (PN) sequence (N = 12; S 2:0 = “111”) was generated by the PNSG at a 1 Gigachips-per-second (Gcps) rate, the maximum rate achieved for the IC, as shown in Fig. 4(a) [6]
Summary
M ODERN silicon integrated circuit (IC) technology has become capable of fabricating components for wireless communication at Terahertz (THz) frequencies [1]. The current fifth generation (5G) of cellular wireless has adopted millimeter-wave(mmWave) frequencies for operation; sixth generation (6G) cellular wireless is envisaged to leverage the THz frequency range and the wide bandwidths therein for diverse applications, such as augmented/virtual reality, sub-centimeter position location, environmental imaging and sensing, robotics, and cloud computing [2], [3]. The hardware currently used for wireless channel sounding involves using sophisticated RF equipment or multiple commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components from different manufacturers [5]–[7]. A COTS system-based sliding correlation channel sounding involves complicated integration of several bulky and expensive test equipment with numerous fragile cable connections [6]. There is motivation for a compact integrated channel sounder system to supersede COTS systems for resolution of multipath components in mmWave and THz channels crucial for enabling diverse applications envisioned in the future [2], [9]
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