Abstract

We report a novel wide field-of-view (FOV) scanning endoscope, the AnCam, which is based on contact image sensor (CIS) technology used in commercialized business card scanners. The AnCam can capture the whole image of the anal canal within 10 seconds with a resolution of 89 μm, a maximum FOV of 100 mm × 120 mm, and a depth-of-field (DOF) of 0.65 mm at 5.9 line pairs per mm (lp/mm). We demonstrate the performance of the AnCam by imaging the entire anal canal of pigs and tracking the dynamics of acetowhite testing. We believe the AnCam can potentially be a simple and convenient solution for screening of the anal canal for dysplasia and for surveillance in patients following treatment for anal cancer.

Highlights

  • Anal cancer is a malignancy of the epithelium of the anal canal [1]

  • We report a novel wide field-of-view (FOV) scanning endoscope, the AnCam, which is based on contact image sensor (CIS) technology used in commercialized business card scanners

  • The overall imaging performance, the reproducibility of the images, and the ease-ofuse render the AnCam a highly attractive potential alternative to current imaging modalities of the anal canal and other cylindrically shaped anatomic sites, such as the esophagus

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Summary

Introduction

Anal cancer is a malignancy of the epithelium of the anal canal [1]. As a malignancy that is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, the incidence of anal canal cancer has increased markedly over the last two decades [2,3]. The procedure is conducted as follows: 3–5% acetic acid is applied, using a soaked gauze, into the anal canal for at least one minute. The gauze is removed and a clear plastic anoscope is passed into the anal canal to retract soft tissues away and to allow the anal mucosa to be evaluated. The colposcope is positioned and used to identify abnormal areas delineated by acetic acid and labeled as “acetowhite” areas. These areas are biopsied to obtain a histological confirmation of the abnormality. A handwritten map and photographs of abnormal areas document the location, appearance, and clinical impression of the biopsied areas

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