Abstract
This paper presents a Time-of-Flight laser radar receiver based on pulse-shaping at the input to the receiver channel, in which the first zero-crossing point of the converted pulse is marked as the timing moment. In this technique, an LC resonator is combined with a nonlinear feedback TIA to achieve high accuracy and high precision within a wide dynamic range. The key advantage is that the receiver does not require any post compensation or gain control techniques so that the total complexity of the TOF radar is reduced considerably. Measurements made in a $0.35~\mu m$ standard CMOS process show a bandwidth of $230MHz$ and an input-referred noise of $70nA$ RMS. The receiver chip consumes $155mW$ power from a $3.3V$ supply. The single-shot precision and accuracy of the receiver within a dynamic range of 1:50,000 are $ \sim 15mm(SNR=12)$ and $\sim \pm 15mm$ respectively. A wider dynamic range can be achieved with a larger accuracy tolerance. The functionality of the proposed receiver channel is also verified over an input pulse variation and temperature range of $0~^{\mathrm {o}}\text{C}$ to $50~^{\mathrm {o}}\text{C}$ .
Highlights
L iDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technique [1] which was used primarily for military purposes ([2], [3]); but has found a wide variety of growing applications in industry, proximity driving, robotics [7] and airborne laser scanning (ASL) [8], [9].The basic idea behind pulsed Time of Flight (TOF) LiDAR is to project a short pulse of light onto the target and to process the reflected echo(es) to determine the distance
This paper presents a CMOS laser radar receiver based on a new implementation of the pulse-shaping approach in which an LC resonator is combined with a nonlinear shunt feedback trans-impedance amplifiers (TIA)
Three laser pulse shapes were used to study the performance of the proposed receiver channel (Fig. 12), the dynamic range (DR) and precision measurements being run for each pulse shape as explained below
Summary
L iDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technique [1] which was used primarily for military purposes ([2], [3]); but has found a wide variety of growing applications in industry (e.g. for measuring levels in silos and containers [4], profiling and 2D/3D surface scanning [5], [6]), proximity driving, robotics [7] and airborne laser scanning (ASL) [8], [9]. A further technique introduced to compensate for walk error is to convert the unipolar current pulse detected by the APD to a bipolar signal at the input to the receiver channel and pick out the zero-crossing point of the converted signal as the timing mark The idea behind this approach is that the receiver channel should return to its linear region near the zero-crossing point so that clipping of the signal at high input levels will have little effect on the timing moment and a wide DR can be achieved. The RLC-based pulse shaping proposed in [35], on the other hand, converts the APD current pulse to a bipolar voltage signal at the input node and amplifies the converted voltage through the receiver channel This places practical limitations on the DR at both the low and the high end.
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