Abstract
This paper proposes a quadruple band stacked oval patch antenna with sunlight-shaped slots supporting L1/L2/L5 GNSS bands and the 2.3 Ghz WiMAX band. The antenna produces right-hand circular polarization waves with wide axial-ratio beamwidth of 223/216^{circ } and 231/203^{circ } at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5 and L2 GNSS bands, respectively. Firstly, the resonant modes TM_{110} and TM_{210} are excited inside a single layer oval patch antenna, where resonance frequencies are calculated using Mathieu functions. Meanwhile, it is shown that another version of the mode TM_{110} with similar distribution but orthogonal direction is excitable inside the same oval patch. Then, a second stacked oval patch layer is added, which splits the resonance frequency of each of the modes TM_{110} and TM_{210} into two different values. Depending on the probe feed position and the separation between the two layers, the phase shifts between modes versions in the upper and the lower layers change. Thus, by fine-tuning the probe feed position and the separation between layers, spatially-orthogonal with quadrature-phase-shift versions of the mode TM_{110} are obtained, producing a circularly polarized waves at L2 and L5 bands. Furthermore, sunlight shaped slots are etched into the upper and lower layer patches to fine tune the phase shifts between different modes versions, which enhances the overall axial-ratio beamwidth. Despite the simplicity of the overall structure and the feeding mechanism utilized in the proposed design, wide axial-ratio beamwidths are obtained, as compared to previous works. The proposed antenna shows low reflection coefficient values at 1.14–1.29 GHz (L2/L5), 1.45–1.6 GHz (L1), and 2.26–2.4 GHz (WiMAX). The antenna gains are 5.9, 5.6, 6, and 6.5 dBi/dBic at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively. The half-power beamwidths are 99/96^{circ }, 102/96^{circ }, 112/85^{circ }, and 65/48^{circ } at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively.
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