Abstract
A combination of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene in the form of macroscopic hybrid buckypaper (HBP), exhibits a unique set of properties that can be exploited for many emerging applications. Here, we present a simple, inexpensive and scalable approach for the synthesis of highly conductive auxetic graphene/CNT HBP via wet-filtration-zipping and demonstrate the electrical, electrochemical and mechanical performance (tensile, mode I and mode III fracture) of synthesized HBP. An overall increase in electrical conductivity of 247% is observed for HBP (50 wt.% graphene and 50 wt.% CNT) as compared to BP (100 wt.% CNT) due to effective electronic percolation through the graphene and CNT. As a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, HBP shows 50% higher gravimetric specific capacity and 89% lower charge transfer resistance relative to BP. The graphene content in the HBP influences the mechanical performance providing an auxetic structure to HBP with large negative Poisson’s ratio. The facile green-chemistry approach reported here can be readily applied to any other 1D and 2D materials and solves key challenges associated with existing buckypaper manufacturing methods. The potential of the synthesis method to integrate with current cellulose paper manufacturing technology and its scalability demonstrate the novelty of the work for industrial scale production.
Highlights
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene consist of sp[2] bonded carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice structure and possess exceptionally high mechanical properties, and electrical and thermal conductivities[1]
It is observed that in most of the multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) the inner walls are intact, but the outer walls are attached to the other MWCNT making it an outstanding candidate for the buckypaper where the covalently bonded and entangled network of MWCNT is highly desirable for the electronic percolation and improved mechanical performance
It is expected that the combination of 1D 110–160 μm MWCNT and highly-crystalline 2D graphene crystals (GC) will enhance the conductivity of combined assembly
Summary
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene consist of sp[2] bonded carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice structure and possess exceptionally high mechanical properties, and electrical and thermal conductivities[1]. It is problematic to detach the CNT layer/film from the supporting substrate to get freestanding BP due to low surface energy of CNT To overcome this problem, Susantyoko et al developed a surface-engineered tape cast method to manufacture flexible, freestanding, and foldable BP on a roll-to-roll system without the usage of mold[16]. Uniform thickness (at micron level), and potential of the synthesis route to accommodate any other 1D and 2D materials (e.g. water soluble 1D and 2D materials) Another aim of this work is to study the electrical, electrochemical and mechanical performance of BP/HBP. We focused on evaluating their tensile properties and fracture resistance in mode I and mode III, and identified the corresponding failure mechanisms
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