A Western-Type Dietary Pattern Induces an Atherogenic Gene Expression Profile in the Coronary Arteries of the Ossabaw Pig

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrent cardiovascular risk reduction guidance focuses on shifts in dietary patterns, rather than single foods or nutrients. Experimental studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which food-based diets affect the development and progression of atherosclerosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 food-based dietary patterns and statin therapy on the transcriptome of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the Ossabaw pig.MethodsPigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and fed isocaloric diets for 6 mo; Heart Healthy–style diet (HHD) (high in unsaturated fat, unrefined grain, fruits/vegetables) or Western-style diet (WD) (high in saturated fat, cholesterol, refined grain), with or without atorvastatin. A 2-factor edge R analysis was used to determine differential gene expression in the left anterior descending coronary artery.ResultsRelative to the HHD, the WD resulted in the differential expression of 143 genes, of which 139 genes were upregulated and 4 genes were downregulated (all log fold change ≥0.6, false discovery rate <0.10). The WD, compared with the HHD, resulted in the statistically significant upregulation of 8 atherosclerosis-associated pathways implicated in immune and inflammatory processes. There were no genes with significant differential expression attributable to statin therapy.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a WD induces alterations in the transcriptome of the coronary artery consistent with an inflammatory atherogenic phenotype in the Ossabaw pig with no significant modification by concurrent statin therapy.