A well-thought-out sensory protocol for screening of oxygen reactive species released from cancer cells

Abstract

Facilely constructed metal nanoparticles with highly active sites, high economic impact, and stable electrocatalysts are crucial to developed sensory protocol for oxygen reactive species (ORS) released from cancer cells. In this study, we control the fabrication of uniformly arranged non-metal sphere catalysts that interfacially dressed by Ru nanoparticles for ultrasensitive ORS-sensing electrode patterns from cancer cells. The actively dressing of spherical ˜10 nm-Ru nano-buds/bumps that markedly interlinked entire micrometric surfaces of well-developed sulfur-doped carbon (S–C) spheres led to create catalytic surface defects through formation anisotropic wrinkling skins due to homogenous dispersion of bump mapping networks. These anisotropic protrusions create interfacial Ru@S–C surfaces with highly active catalytic sites, caves and grooves, roughness along the exterior S–C sphere–skin matrices, enabling a well-thought-out sensory signaling of ORS released from cancer cells. Specifically, our designed Ru@S–C modified electrode offers well-defined reading out transduction and end-point stimulus-responsive signaling of ORS molecules such as H2O2. The design of wrinkled Ru@S–C sphere sensory electrode provided H2O2-sensing assay with high sensitivity (314 μA μM−1 cm−2) and selectivity, low detection limit (25 nM based on 3σ), and wide linear ranges of detection reached up to 2 mM in physiological systems. Our findings indicated that highly active electrocatalysts based on wrinkling Ru@S–C can be employed for the in vitro detection of ORS released from cancer cells (HeLa cells) with high sensitivity and selectivity, low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility, and fast response time, as well as detection of oxidative stress effects on living cells.