A wearable enzyme-free glucose sensor based on nickel nanoparticles decorated laser-induced graphene

Abstract

• A flexible glucose sensor is fabricated based on multilayer laser-induced graphene. • The sensor exhibits wide linear range and high sensitivity towards glucose. • No signal attenuation is observed after drastic folding for 100 times. • The sensor has been applied to the determination of glucose in human serum. Wearable biosensors that can detect glucose molecules is a promising monitoring device for clinic and health-care analysis. A flexible enzyme-free glucose sensor based on multilayer porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) produced from polyimide (PI) film was developed in this work. Ni/LIG electrode was prepared by electrochemical deposition of Ni nanoparticles on LIG for enzyme-free glucose detection. Ag/AgCl/LIG was prepared as the reference by coating with silver conductive gel and electrochemical anodization methods on LIG. The Ni/LIG glucose sensor possesses excellent flexibility and can function properly after being folded for a hundred times. The sensor exhibits desirable analytical performance towards glucose with wide linear range (0.50 μM to 1666 μM), ultra-high sensitivity (2040 μA/mM·cm 2 ), and low detection limit (0.29 μM). Ni/LIG glucose sensor also shows high stability and minimal responses to the interference substances and has been successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human blood serum with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 10) of 0.85%, and recoveries ranging from 99.36% to 100.45%.