A wear rate model incorporating inflationary cost of agro-waste filled composites for brake pad applications to lower composite cost

Oluwaseyi Ayodele Ajibade,Sunday Ayoola Oke,Johnson Olumuyiwa Agunsoye

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-04016-y

Abstract

Wear rate appraisals are currently indispensable on agro-waste filled composites for brake pads as they predict the expected lifespan of the materials. However, existing wear rate models are inaccurate as predictions omit the inflationary cost of the materials. In this paper, the idea is to account for the inflationary cost of the materials and adjust that into a pseudo wear rate model. The wear rate of agro-waste fillers in an organic matrix to create brake pads under dry sliding wear experiments was considered. Five composite specimens were fabricated in cylindrical specimen height of 14.5 mm and varying diameters of 8, 10, 12 and 15.5 mm and the material wear loss was measured. The 8, 10 and 12 mm diameter specimens revealed that the composite with the best and worst wear resistance were the wear rates of 0.6, 1.4, 1.73 mm3/Nm, and 3.07, 3.54, 4.19 mm3/Nm, respectively. The 15.5 mm diameter specimen showed lower wear rates of 2.13 and 2.14 and 1.56 mm3/Nm than commercial brake pad’s 2.58 mm3/Nm. The pseudo wear rate model predicts the impact of the independent variable i.e. inflationary cost, opportunity cost, time, and sample size. The utility of this effort is to assist the composite manufacturers to take cost-effective decisions and design optimisation can be accomplished to lower the cost of composite products.

Highlights

The dominant practice of appraising the wear rate of composite materials concerns hardness, particle agglomeration, volume of reinforcement particles and the fracture toughness of composites [1,2,3]
Incorporating inflationary costs will offer superior and more practical picture [6]. This concern is more compelling than before to implement in the industry [9,10,11] because of the incredibly impressive accuracy expected from initiating inflationary costs into wear rate estimations in composite material
The result of the wear test was obtained in terms of wear rate from 2 scenarios

Summary

Introduction

The dominant practice of appraising the wear rate of composite materials concerns hardness, particle agglomeration, volume of reinforcement particles and the fracture toughness of composites [1,2,3]. The prevailing wear rate model of composite materials fails to account for the inflationary cost of composite materials [4] This propels cost-effective decisions and design optimization and to lower the cost of composite products [5]. This leads to an underestimation of real cost and may lead to gross inadequacy in wear rate estimations of composite materials [6,7,8]. Incorporating inflationary costs will offer superior and more practical picture [6] Nowadays, this concern is more compelling than before to implement in the industry [9,10,11] because of the incredibly impressive accuracy expected from initiating inflationary costs into wear rate estimations in composite material. A new wear rate model is proposed to account for the inflationary cost of composite materials and adjust that in a pseudo wear rate model

Methods

Results

Conclusion