A Weak-Consistency–Oriented Collaborative Strategy for Large-Scale Distributed Demand Response

Yu Liu,Xiaolong Sun,Yujia Zhang,Tian Gao,Zexin Yang,Shan Gao,Xueliang Huang

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.718859

Yu Liu, Xiaolong Sun + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.718859

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Abstract

Large-scale distributed demand response is a hotspot in the development of power systems, which is of much significance in accelerating the consumption of new energy power generation and the process of clean energy substitution. However, the rigorous distributed algorithms utilized in current research studies are mostly very complicated for the large-scale demand response, requiring high quality of information systems. Considering the electrical features of power systems, a weak-consistency–oriented collaborative strategy is proposed for the practical implementation of the large-scale distributed demand response in this study. First, the basic conditions and objectives of demand response are explored from the view of system operators, and the challenges of large-scale demand response are discussed and furthermore modelled with a simplification based on the power system characteristics, including uncertainties and fluctuations. Then, a weakly consistent distributed strategy for demand response is proposed based on the Paxos distributed algorithm, where the information transmission is redesigned based on the electrical features to achieve better error tolerance. Using case studies with different information transmission error rates and other conditions, the proposed strategy is demonstrated to be an effective solution for the large-scale distributed demand response implementation, with a robust response capability under even remarkable transmission errors. By integrating the proposed strategy, the requirement for the large-scale distributed systems, especially the information systems, is highly eased, leading to the acceleration of the practical demand response implementation.

Highlights

Energy transition has become a key issue for sustainable economic and social development
Photovoltaic power generation, and other intermittent new energy sources and new controllable loads have been integrated to the grid on a large scale, leading to the new features of power system operations (Kolhe, 2012)
If the response rate is more than 90%, the demand response process can be anticipated as a successful one

Summary

Introduction

Energy transition has become a key issue for sustainable economic and social development. The world urgently needs to transform energy production, allocation, and consumption methods today, so evolutions are emerged in both generation and consumption sides (Heffron et al, 2020). Developing and utilizing clean energy instead of the traditional fossil fuel are welcomed in the power production side, while much attention should be paid to the intelligent interaction of power loads in the consumption side (Hoggett, 2014). Photovoltaic power generation, and other intermittent new energy sources and new controllable loads have been integrated to the grid on a large scale, leading to the new features of power system operations (Kolhe, 2012). In spite of the electricity contribution, the high penetration of renewable generations brings some challenges. The uncertainties of the renewable power generation will make the

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