Abstract
Motivated by the need to characterize power fluctuations in wind farms, we study spatio-temporal correlations of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer in terms of the joint wavenumber-frequency spectrum of the streamwise velocity fluctuations. To this end, we perform a theoretical analysis of a simple advection model featuring the advection of small- scale velocity fluctuations by the mean flow and large-scale velocity fluctuations. The model is compared to data from large-eddy simulations (LES). We find that the model captures the trends observed in LES, specifically a Doppler shift of frequencies due to the mean flow as well as a Doppler broadening due to random sweeping effects.
Highlights
Characterizing the space-time structure of atmospheric boundary layers is important from a geophysical perspective and has significant implications for understanding wind farm power output fluctuations
The mean flow advection leads to a Doppler shift in frequency space while the random advection of larger-scale eddies induces a Doppler broadening
For the application case of atmospheric boundary layers, we show that the Doppler shift and Doppler broadening
Summary
Characterizing the space-time structure of atmospheric boundary layers is important from a geophysical perspective and has significant implications for understanding wind farm power output fluctuations. The model is based on decomposing the streamwise velocity into small-scale turbulent fluctuations, mean flow velocity and random (large-scale) advection velocity. The mean flow advection leads to a Doppler shift in frequency space while the random advection of larger-scale eddies induces a Doppler broadening.
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