Abstract
BackgroundSince the first well-known electrocardiogram (ECG) delineator based on Wavelet Transform (WT) presented by Li et al. in 1995, a significant research effort has been devoted to the exploitation of this promising method. Its ability to reliably delineate the major waveform components (mono- or bi-phasic P wave, QRS, and mono- or bi-phasic T wave) would make it a suitable candidate for efficient online processing of ambulatory ECG signals. Unfortunately, previous implementations of this method adopt non-linear operators such as root mean square (RMS) or floating point algebra, which are computationally demanding.MethodsThis paper presents a 32-bit integer, linear algebra advanced approach to online QRS detection and P-QRS-T waves delineation of a single lead ECG signal, based on WT.ResultsThe QRS detector performance was validated on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (sensitivity Se = 99.77%, positive predictive value P+ = 99.86%, on 109010 annotated beats) and on the European ST-T Database (Se = 99.81%, P+ = 99.56%, on 788050 annotated beats). The ECG delineator was validated on the QT Database, showing a mean error between manual and automatic annotation below 1.5 samples for all fiducial points: P-onset, P-peak, P-offset, QRS-onset, QRS-offset, T-peak, T-offset, and a mean standard deviation comparable to other established methods.ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm exhibits reliable QRS detection as well as accurate ECG delineation, in spite of a simple structure built on integer linear algebra.
Highlights
Since the first well-known electrocardiogram (ECG) delineator based on Wavelet Transform (WT) presented by Li et al in 1995, a significant research effort has been devoted to the exploitation of this promising method
This paper presents a wavelet-based algorithm for single lead QRS detection and ECG delineation of P wave, QRS-complex and T wave, under the algorithmic constraint of 32-bit integer linear algebra online processing and compliance with ANSI/ AAMI-EC57:1998 requirements on QRS detection accuracy
The results reported by Ghaffari et al in [18] are not included in the table because the number of leads used for detection was not stated, nor was the number of annotated beats; it is unclear the extent to which the authors used third party annotations for validation of their algorithm on the QT Database
Summary
Since the first well-known electrocardiogram (ECG) delineator based on Wavelet Transform (WT) presented by Li et al in 1995, a significant research effort has been devoted to the exploitation of this promising method. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is the recording of the electrical activity of the heart by means of electrodes placed on the body surface. It is the most commonly used noninvasive test in primary care for heart rate and rhythm-related abnormalities detection [1,2]. Many non-diagnostic applications do not require the full 12-lead setup of clinical ECG, employing a limited number of electrodes. In some cases a single lead setup, requiring only three electrodes, is sufficient Such applications focus on ambulatory ECG monitoring, namely in unconstrained conditions, in which subjects perform normal activities as in their daily life [4], [8,9,10]
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