Abstract
PurposeThis study was conducted to elucidate volumetric data of mandibular condyles of orthognathic patients by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images based upon semiautomatic segmentation.MethodsCone beam computed tomography images of 87 patients with malocclusions were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients were between 17 and 53 years old and diagnosed with Angle class I, II, or III malocclusion. By using the validated open-source software “ITK-SNAP,” the volumetric measurements of 174 mandibular condyles were performed. Volumetric analysis was performed according to intra-subject side differences by paired Student t test. In accordance to inter-subject side, gender, age and type of malocclusion differences bivariate analysis and ANOVA were applied.ResultsThe mean volume for the right condyle was 1.378 ± 0.447 cm3, with a maximum of 2.379 cm3 and a minimum of 0.121 cm3. The mean volume for the left side was 1.435 ± 0.474 cm3, with a maximum of 3.264 cm3 and a minimum of 0.109 cm3. Bivariate analysis indicated a highly significant inter-subject difference between the volume of the left and right mandibular condyles (p < 0.01). Females had a significantly smaller condyle volume than males (p < 0.05 left condyle; p < 0.01 right condyle).ConclusionThe fact that shape and volume of mandibular condyles show a high susceptibility to pathological alterations and particularly malocclusions makes a precise knowledge about volumetric changes indispensable. Our results show that significant inter-subject differences in condyle volume could be found with respect to the side and gender. Larger volumes could be assessed for the left condyle and for male patients.
Highlights
The mandible takes an important part in the complex interaction of dento-maxillo-facial anatomy and physiology
The analysis investigated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 female and 27 male patients
The measurement of mandibular condyles of patients with malocclusion was performed by semiautomatic segmentation of CBCT images
Summary
The mandible takes an important part in the complex interaction of dento-maxillo-facial anatomy and physiology. Mandibular condyles, in particular, are part of growth and development affecting the dentoalveolar system [1]. Patients with malocclusion are affected predominantly and have been investigated in several studies [4,5,6]. Orthognathic patients with class II and III malocclusion showed major variations of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in size and shape [4, 7]. Previous studies show that patients with a distinct overbite showed a retroposition of the mandibular condyles [8]. Shape and size of the mandibular condyles have been considered major factors of TMJ dysfunctions [4]. Some studies report that TMJ morphology has got a correlation with the skeletal morphology. An inverse relationship between articular eminence angle and
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