A voltammetric sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified with 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol coating for rapid determination of trace lead ions in acetate buffer solution

Abstract

In this paper 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol-GC electrode was prepared successfully, and its properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical AC impedance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface hydrophilicity was determined by contact angle measurement. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of lead ions on the prepared electrode was studied by differential pulse voltammetry. Experimental parameters, such as number of coating cycles, the pH value of buffer solution, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the modified electrode responds to lead was linear between 0.03 and 8.59μM (with sensitivity of 1.3558μA/μM). The detection limit of electrode was 6.64nM (S/N=3). The reproducibility and repeatability of the analysis were also examined and calculated as the relative standard deviations were 2.02% and 5.16%, respectively. Finally, the proposed analytical procedure was applied to determine the trace lead ions in synthetic and real samples with satisfactory results.