Abstract
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Highlights
The HIV-1 pandemic resulted from a series of successive cross-species transmissions of primate lentiviruses
We find a small panel of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) to mediate IFN inhibition of HIV-1 in THP-1 cells, including MxB, TRIM5alpha, IFITM1 and Tetherin
Significant overlap in sequence across IFITM orthologues complicates interpretation of the screen data in terms of which IFITMs are most important, as some single-guide RNA (sgRNA) in our library likely target multiple IFITM loci. These results show that while MxB does play a role in the IFN-mediated inhibition of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 viruses, this effect is masked by dominant IFITM inhibition of these VSV-G pseudotyped viruses (Figure 3E)
Summary
The HIV-1 pandemic resulted from a series of successive cross-species transmissions of primate lentiviruses. IFN levels have been correlated with higher viral load and decreased CD4 T cell counts in HIV-infected individuals (Hardy et al, 2013) It appears that ISG expression exerts changing selective pressure on HIV evolution in vivo since transmitted/founder (T/F) strains are relatively resistant to IFN compared to viruses isolated later in infection (Fenton-May et al, 2013; Iyer et al, 2017; Parrish et al, 2013). The results presented here suggest that adaptation of primate lentiviruses to humans is incomplete as the same host restriction factors that block cross-species transmission play a role in limiting the replication of highly-adapted HIV-1 in IFN-stimulated cells
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