Abstract
Reinforcement therapy programs in operation at seven mental health facilities in California are briefly described in terms of their accomplishments, problems, and challenges. These programs are complex social systems containing groups of patients with a wide range of behavior problems. Therefore the clinical research team is beset by operational difficulties that the laboratory operant conditioner does not face with his individual Ss and controlled stimulus situations. Escape from contingencies, inadequate nursing staff motivation and training, low operant rates of group, social interaction, and incongruence between therapeutic and community settings are some of the problem areas that clinical programs applying reinforcement principles are confronting.
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