Abstract
BackgroundEstablishing the sequence in which risk factors for eating disorders (ED) emerge would enable more effective ED prevention. Thus, in our study we investigated reciprocal and indirect associations between three cognitive and behavioral ED determinants (appearance orientation, appearance worries, and dieting) emphasized in the transdiagnostic model of ED.MethodsData were collected in a non-clinical group of adolescents at Time 1 (T1), and then 2-months (Time 2, T2) and 13-months later (Time 3, T3). Participants (N = 1260) aged 13–19 completed a questionnaire encompassing their nutrition behaviors, beliefs about appearance, health and well-being. Weight and height were measured objectively.ResultsHigher levels of appearance orientation (T1) were associated with higher levels of appearance worries (T2) which in turn predicted dieting (T3). Dieting (T1) predicted higher levels of appearance orientation (T2) which in turn predicted higher levels of appearance worries (T3). Higher levels of appearance worries (T1) were associated with higher levels of appearance orientation (T2) which in turn predicted dieting (T3). Also, higher levels of appearance worries (T1) were associated with dieting (T2), and higher levels of appearance orientation (T3).ConclusionsThe three transdiagnostic model variables formed a vicious cycle. Therefore, higher levels of one of ED determinants (appearance orientation, appearance worries or dieting) increase the likelihood of the elevated levels of two other ED determinants at follow-ups and thus enhances the risk for ED.
Highlights
Establishing the sequence in which risk factors for eating disorders (ED) emerge would enable more effective Eating disorders (EDs) prevention
In conclusion, the results of this study specify the cognitive factors emphasized in the transdiagnostic model of ED [7]
Our findings suggest that appearance orientation, appearance worries, and dieting are reciprocally associated
Summary
Establishing the sequence in which risk factors for eating disorders (ED) emerge would enable more effective ED prevention. Cognitive models of EDs [6,7,8] focus primarily on the way people perceive their bodies, the contents of their thoughts, and perceptions of body weight and shape. The transdiagnostic model of EDs emphasizes that people who are preoccupied with body weight and shape, are more vigilant and anxious about their body fat, and let their outer appearance affect their self-evaluations [8, 9]. This may lead to an excessive concentration on weight loss and to pathological behaviors (i.e. restrictive dieting). The transdiagnostic model of EDs suggests a specific causal
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