Abstract

Two-dimensional flow of an incompressible, inviscid fluid in a region with a horizontal bottom of infinite extent and a free upper surface is considered. The fluid is acted on by gravity and has a non-diffusive, heterogeneous density which may be discontinuous. It is shown that the governing equations allow both periodic and single-crested progressing waves of permanent form, the analogues, respectively, of the classical cnoidal and solitary waves. These waves are shown to be critical points of flow related functionals and are proved to exist by means of a variational principle.

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