Abstract
This study examines the effect of baseline length on accuracy and precision in Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning and develops an experimental mathematical model to express this effect. The study also measures the performances of the Flaechen Korrektur Parameter (FKP) and Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) methods at different baseline lengths. The study makes use of the stations that form two Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) networks, one of which is local and the other national. Calculations were made to perform various geodetic operations, such as datum transformations between the two networks, identifications of positional velocities, and epoch shifting. BERNESE (v5.2) software was used to identify coordinate values assumed to be true based on International GNSS Service (IGS) products. No significant changes were observed in the RMSE values in baseline lengths of up to 40 km. In contrast, an average linear correlation of 69.2% was determined between precision and baseline length. Measurements were evaluated and tested using the variance model created as a function of the baseline length, in line with the aims of the study, and the results were found to be consistent. Moreover, in an examination of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and precision values of the FKP and VRS measurements, no significant differences were observed. The mean differences were at the millimetre level.
Highlights
The Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method eliminates the bias common to two Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS) receivers and achieves centimetre accuracy with fixed phase ambiguity.Automated GPS precise positioning using the RTK method was first achieved in 1994 [1], but as the method uses a single reference station it has a limit of 10–15 km; tropospheric and orbital errors increase with baseline length [2,3,4]
In the present present study, study, we we develop develop aa new new variance variance model model after after examining examining the of baseline baseline length on accuracy and precision in stations were used as rovers, length on accuracy and precision in Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) measurements
ISKI Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations were used as rovers, and stations were used as references to test the variance model
Summary
Automated GPS precise positioning using the RTK method was first achieved in 1994 [1], but as the method uses a single reference station it has a limit of 10–15 km; tropospheric and orbital errors increase with baseline length [2,3,4]. For the purpose of estimating spatially correlated bias, instead of using a huge number of single reference stations, the idea emerged of connecting them to a network. With this system, positioning can still be achieved if one of the reference stations is inactive, as the other reference stations can be utilised instead. NRTK allows for the modelling of baseline length-related errors, which reduces the limiting effects of baseline length on accuracy [5,6,7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
