A utility perspective on fine particulate regulation: how do we get it right?

Abstract

In July 1997, the USEPA promulgated a national ambient air quality standard for fine particulate matter based on limited available information of possible health effects associated with ambient levels. More complete health effects studies are needed to determine the appropriate component of fine particulates that should be controlled and the concentration level protective of public health. However, the EPA is implementing a nationwide fine particulate monitoring network not to perform health related studies, but to collect data for use in designating attainment areas and developing emission control strategies for an air quality standard that some have questioned. Results from the EPA monitoring network will fall short of being complete and could bias certain constituents of fine particulates due to a limited number of monitoring locations and potentially inaccurate sampling techniques. This approach could lead to expensive, unwarranted control equipment being required for certain emission sources without a commensurate public health benefit. To reduce voids and offset potential biases within the EPA monitoring program, several independent groups are planning monitoring programs to operate in addition to and in conjunction with sites in the EPA network. The additional studies will provide enhanced health effects and fine particulate characterization data to assist in determining the need for a standard and to ensure that justifiable emission control strategies are developed.