Abstract
We have developed a unique, template-free method for the processing of porous oxide and polymer films with a high degree of ordered porosity, taking advantage of micro-detonation. When mixing an alcoholic solution of ammonium or silver nitrate with an alcoxide precursor solution, a phenomenon of self-organization of immiscible organic solvent (Fuel)–nitrate(oxidant) micro-droplets occurs during film formation. Thermal activation leads to self-ignition reactions of the droplets resulting in the exothermic formation of gas species that upon expansion leave a porous structure behind. We demonstrate the method on thin TiO2 films and show that hierarchical porosity may be obtained by increasing the film thickness. In order to prove the universality of the method we apply it to a polymer solution, and achieve a nicely ordered hierarchical porosity in a 20 μm thick polymer film.
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