A Univariate Morphometry Index for AD-induced Abnormal Cortical Surface Pattern Similarity Measurement

Abstract

Impairments in cognition induced by Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely related to the changes in cerebral cortex morphology. In order to observe AD development and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in the early stages of AD, we proposed a AD-specific abnormal surface pattern similarity measure capable of exploiting univariate neurodegeneration biomarkers (UNB) to reflect the morphological changes induced by AD-related diseases based on the structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). First, registering the thickness information and anatomical regions of interest (ROIs) between individual cortical surfaces. Second, using the intrinsic thickness information of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{A}\boldsymbol{\upbeta}+$</tex> AD and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{A}\boldsymbol{\upbeta}-$</tex> normal control (NC) groups via general linear model, we identified the top six ROIs with the most significant surface morphometry changes. Finally, a univariate morphometry index (UMI) of the individual subject was constructed by comparing the similarity between the individual morphological atrophy pattern and the atrophy pattern of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{A}\boldsymbol{\upbeta}+$</tex> AD group on the identified ROIs. We validated our work in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. With the computed UMIs, the estimated minimum sample sizes needed to detect a 25% reduction in the mean annual change with 80% power and two-tailed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{P}=\boldsymbol{0.05}$</tex> were 156, 349 and 423 for the longitudinal <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{A}pmb{\upbeta}+\boldsymbol{\text{AD}}, \mathbf{A}\boldsymbol{\upbeta}+$</tex> mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{A}\boldsymbol{\upbeta}+$</tex> NC groups, respectively. Our experimental results outperformed traditional volume measures and demonstrated that UMI could be used as potential UNB which could reflect the cerebral cortex morphological changes induced by AD-related diseases.