A Unique Case of Primary Subfrontal Lobe Meningioma with Intraorbital Extension

Abstract

Introduction: Meningiomas, tumors originating from the meninges covering the brain, are typically considered benign. They primarily develop from arachnoid cap cells within the meninges and can manifest as primary orbital meningiomas (affecting structures like the optic nerve sheath) or secondary orbital meningiomas that extend from intracranial origins, such as the sphenoid wing and rarely from frontal lobe as in our case. Case Presentation: This report documents a very rare case where a meningioma emerged in the subfrontal lobe of the brain and subsequently spread to the orbit. The presence of such malignant variants in the orbit poses unique diagnostic challenges due to their potential to compress critical adjacent brain structures. Impact on Orbital Structures: The extension of these tumors into the orbit can have significant consequences, affecting structures like the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, intraorbital contents, and the optic nerve. This further complicates their surgical management, given their proximity to essential neurological systems. Conclusion: This case study underscores the atypical growth pattern of malignant meningioma and highlights the complexities associated with identifying and treating meningioma with orbital extensions. The propensity of these tumors to impact vital brain structures necessitates a comprehensive approach to their diagnosis and management.