A unified single-loop alternating gradient projection algorithm for nonconvex–concave and convex–nonconcave minimax problems

Abstract

Much recent research effort has been directed to the development of efficient algorithms for solving minimax problems with theoretical convergence guarantees due to the relevance of these problems to a few emergent applications. In this paper, we propose a unified single-loop alternating gradient projection (AGP) algorithm for solving smooth nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex–nonconcave minimax problems. AGP employs simple gradient projection steps for updating the primal and dual variables alternatively at each iteration. We show that it can find an \(\varepsilon \)-stationary point of the objective function in \({\mathcal {O}}\left( \varepsilon ^{-2} \right) \) (resp. \({\mathcal {O}}\left( \varepsilon ^{-4} \right) \)) iterations under nonconvex-strongly concave (resp. nonconvex–concave) setting. Moreover, its gradient complexity to obtain an \(\varepsilon \)-stationary point of the objective function is bounded by \({\mathcal {O}}\left( \varepsilon ^{-2} \right) \) (resp., \({\mathcal {O}}\left( \varepsilon ^{-4} \right) \)) under the strongly convex–nonconcave (resp., convex–nonconcave) setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a simple and unified single-loop algorithm is developed for solving both nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex–nonconcave minimax problems. Moreover, the complexity results for solving the latter (strongly) convex–nonconcave minimax problems have never been obtained before in the literature. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed AGP algorithm. Furthermore, we extend the AGP algorithm by presenting a block alternating proximal gradient (BAPG) algorithm for solving more general multi-block nonsmooth nonconvex-(strongly) concave and (strongly) convex–nonconcave minimax problems. We can similarly establish the gradient complexity of the proposed algorithm under these four different settings.