Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and antibiotics have taken relatively little attention as contaminants in the natural environments. Ciprofloxacin (CP) as a second-generation fluoroquinolone is found in the wastewater generated from pharmaceutical product and industry. This research has assessed the efficacy of the next generation carbon family adsorbent, graphene nanosheet (GNS) to remove the CP from the water samples. Both adsorption experiments and the first principles of calculations (DFT) were applied to explore the molecular interaction between CP and GNS. The effects of initial concentration of CP, pH, shaking time and temperature of solution on adsorption content were investigated. In the neutral pH region (pH 6.0), the adsorption process was desirable. The shaking time to obtain equilibrium condition was 220min and the experimental kinetic data were fitted with Elovich model. The equilibrium data were perfectly fitted to both Sips and Hill models. Ab-initio calculations demonstrated that CP could be adsorbed onto GNS by an electrostatic interaction being in good compromise with the experimental results.
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