Abstract
Time dilation, space contraction and relativistic mass are combined in a novel fashion using Newtonian dynamics. In this way we can surprisingly retrieve an effective quantum gravity energy-mass equation which gives the accurate experimental value of vacuum density. Furthermore Einstein’s equation of special relativity E = mc2, where m is the mass and c is the velocity of light developed assuming smooth 4D space time is transferred to a rugged Calabi-Yau and K3 fuzzy Kahler manifolds and revised to become E=(mc2)/(22), where the division factor 22 maybe interpreted as the compactified bosonic dimensions of Veneziano-Nambu strings. The result is again an accurate effective quantum gravity energy-mass relation akin to the one found using Newtonian dynamics which correctly predicts that 95.4915028% of the energy in the cosmos is the hypothetical missing dark energy. The agreement with WMAP and supernova measurements is in that respect astounding. In addition different theories are used to check the calculations and all lead to the same quantitative result. Thus the theories of varying speed of light, scale relativity, E-infinity theory, M-theory, Heterotic super strings, quantum field in curved space time, Veneziano’s dual resonance model, Nash Euclidean embedding and super gravity all reinforce, without any reservation, the above mentioned theoretical result which in turn is in total agreement with the most sophisticated cosmological measurements which was deservingly awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. Finally and more importantly from certain viewpoints, we reason that the speed of light is constant because it is a definite probabilistic expectation value of a variable velocity in a hierarchical fractal clopen, i.e. closed and open micro space time.
Highlights
The present work is mainly concerned with devising a theoretical explanation for the mystery of the so-called missing dark energy of the cosmos [1,2,3,4]
The result is again an accurate effective quantum gravity energy-mass relation akin to the one found using Newtonian dynamics which correctly predicts that 95.4915028% of the energy in the cosmos is the hypothetical missing dark energy
In addition to giving a derivation of the new quantum relativity equation EQR mc2 where m is the mass and c is the speed of light, we show that this result is in exquisite agreement with the cosmological measurement of COBE and WMAP as well as the analysis of certain supernovas which led to the award of last year’s 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics [4,18]
Summary
The present work is mainly concerned with devising a theoretical explanation for the mystery of the so-called missing dark energy of the cosmos [1,2,3,4] This is all linked to quantum gravity [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and we start here from special relativity and address the greatest puzzle of them all which we invariably took and rather wrongly as a given experiential fact of Nature which cannot be reduced or interrogated any further namely the constancy of the speed of light. In other words the constancy of the experimental value of the speed of light is the evidence that our spacetime manifold is highly complex non-classical fractal-Cantorian manifold on the quantum scale This space must be topologically clopen i.e. closed and opened at the same time. Motives for Revising Einstein’s Energy-Mass Equation—Combining Newtonian, Relativistic and Quantum Mechanics
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