Abstract

Abstract Previously, in Chapters 1–3, we saw how AI is a new form of agency that can deal with tasks and problems successfully, in view of a goal, without any need for intelligence. Every success of any AI application does not move the bar of what it means to be an intelligent agent. Instead, it bypasses the bar altogether. The success of such artificial agency is increasingly facilitated by the enveloping (that is, reshaping into AI-friendly contexts) of the environments in which AI operates. The decoupling of agency and intelligence and the enveloping of the world generate significant ethical challenges, especially in relation to autonomy, bias, explainability, fairness, privacy, responsibility, transparency, and trust (yes, mere alphabetic order). For this reason, many organizations launched a wide range of initiatives to establish ethical principles for the adoption of socially beneficial AI after the Asilomar AI Principles and the Montreal Declaration for a Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence were published in 2017. This soon became a cottage industry. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of proposed principles threatens to overwhelm and confuse.

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