Abstract
To explore the benefit of energy storage for countering high-level wind power fluctuations, a two-stage distributionally robust optimization model is proposed for wind farms and storage units (SUs) jointly operated power systems. First, the 1-norm and ∞-norm confidence sets are presented to model the fluctuations of wind power output, then a two-stage distributionally optimization model is formed to minimize system total cost with secure operation constraints, where the ON-OFF status of generators and SUs are determined in the first stage by day-ahead dispatching, while the power output of generators, wind power curtailment, load shedding and SUs charging/discharging power are optimized in the second stage. Afterward, the column-and-constraint generation (CCG) algorithm is presented to solve the proposed two-stage model. Finally the influence of confidence level of confidence sets and SU capacities on system total cost is analyzed, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is also validated by the case studies.
Highlights
Due to the high volatility and limited prediction accuracy of renewable energy, wind power curtailment is still a main concern for power system operation
To overcome the shortcomings of the robust optimization (RO) and SO method a two-stage stochastic optimization model was implemented in [1]. [2,3,4] constructed a multi-band uncertainty set considering the temporal correlation to describe the wind/load prediction error which reduced the conservativeness of the robust unit commitment model
The operation costs of distributionally robust optimization (DRO) and RO for the 57-bus and 118-bus systems are listed in Table IX, and it is clear that the DRO model has a lower total operation cost, which implies that the DRO approach could provide a very economic operation strategy for different scale systems
Summary
Due to the high volatility and limited prediction accuracy of renewable energy, wind power curtailment is still a main concern for power system operation. 1) The uncertain wind power output is first modeled by the 1-norm and ∞ -norm confidence set, and a two-stage distributionally robust optimization model (DRO) is proposed for wind farms and storage units jointly operated power systems, which can compromise the operation conservative and economic of the jointed system. 2) Simulation results of a modified New England 39-bus system have validated the effectiveness of the proposed DRO model for wind farms and storage units jointed power system economic operation; the influence of confidence level of norm confidence set, the historical data volume, and SUs capacities on system total cost are analyzed comprehensively in the case studies. Norm and ∞-norm confidence set is formulated as (7) [27,28]
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