Abstract
The detection of mitochondrial formaldehyde (FA) is of great significance because FA is generated through a one-carbon formaldehyde cycle in mitochondria, and abnormal elevations in FA levels can damage mitochondria by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Herein, a mitochondria-targetable two-photon probe (Mito-FA-FP) has been well demonstrated. Mito-FA-FP is conjugated with hydrazine as the FA-reactive site and a pyridine derivate as the mitochondria-targetable moiety. After reacting with FA, Mito-FA-FP exhibits dramatic fluorescence enhancement (12-fold) due to suppression of the PET process in the probe and presents good selectivity as well as high sensitivity (LOD: 12.4 μM). Moreover, Mito-FA-FP can be utilized to monitor endogenous FA in mitochondria and evaluate mitochondrial damage caused by FA stress through observing mitochondrial morphology changes. With good two-photon absorption cross-section and high two-photon fluorescence contrast, Mito-FA-FP has been successfully employed for the two-photon fluorescence imaging of basal FA in zebrafish.
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