Abstract
This paper introduces the first functional model of a quantum parliament that is dominated by two parties or coalitions, and may or may not contain independent legislators. We identify a single crucial parameter, aptly named free will radius, which can be used as a practical measure of the quantumness of the parties and the parliament as a whole. The free will radius used by the two parties determines the degree of independence that is afforded to the representatives of the parties. Setting the free will radius to zero degrades the quantum parliament to a classical one. On the other hand, setting the free will radius to its maximum value 1 makes the representatives totally independent. Moreover, we present a quantum circuit in Qiskit with which we simulate the operation of the quantum parliament under various scenarios. The experimental results allow us to arrive at some novel and fundamental conclusions that, we believe, provide new insights into the operation and the traits of a possible future quantum parliament. Finally, we propose the game “Passing the Bill,” which captures the operation of the quantum parliament and basic options available to the leadership of the two parties.
Highlights
In the current era, two crucial ingredients of the typical political system are the parliament and the political parties or political coalitions
All legislators behave as if they do not belong to a specific party, but, instead, have total freedom to decide how to vote
To understand how the presence of independent legislators affects the operation of the quantum parliament, we begin by examining the two extreme cases
Summary
Two crucial ingredients of the typical political system are the parliament and the political parties or political coalitions. We envision the quantum parliament as a political system where the vote of each legislator is abstracted as a qubit, the simplest 2-dimensional quantum system. A quantum vote is, generally, in a superposition of being yes and no at the same time. Another possibility would be to consider a probabilistic parliament. Quantum internet, and quantum machine learning will radically affect many aspects of the future society Under this emerging new paradigm, it seems natural to ask whether concepts and tools from the quantum realm can provide any advantage to our political system
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