Abstract
In light of increasing integration of renewable and distributed energy sources, power systems are undergoing significant changes. Due to the fast dynamics of such sources, the system is in many cases not quasi-static, and cannot be accurately described by time-varying phasors. In such systems the classic power flow equations do not apply, and alternative models should be used instead. In this light, this paper offers a tutorial on the dynamics and control of power systems with distributed and renewable energy sources, based mainly on the dq0 transformation. The paper opens by recalling basic concepts of dq0 quantities and dq0-based models. We then explain how to model and analyze passive networks, synchronous machines, three-phase inverters, and how to systematically construct dq0-based models of complex systems. We also highlight the idea that dq0 models may be viewed as a natural extension of time-varying phasor models, and discuss the correct use and validity of each approach.
Highlights
Power system dynamics is an important part of power system theory in general, and a subject that must be well understood to support the world growing energy demands [1]
The system dynamics is largely governed by the response of synchronous generators with high rotational inertia, and as a result, dynamic processes are analyzed based on the approximation of time-varying phasors [4,6,7,8]
We discuss the relations between dq0-based models and classic time-varying phasor models
Summary
Power system dynamics is an important part of power system theory in general, and a subject that must be well understood to support the world growing energy demands [1]. A key assumption in time-varying phasor models is that transients are relatively slow in comparison to the system frequency This assumption may not hold if a significant amount of power is being generated by renewable and/or distributed energy sources with low inertia. In this case, the system cannot be modeled using time varying phasors, and alternative models should be used [9,10]. Sci. 2018, 8, 1661 information of the original signals, and describes the system well at high frequencies [11,12,13] Due to these advantages, several recent works present models that are based on dq0 signals. The material presented in this paper summarizes the results of several recent works, for instance [11,20,22,23,24,25], and rearranged to be accessible at the undergraduate level
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