Abstract
In the recent era, new information technologies have a significant impact on social networks. Initial integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into city operations has promoted information city, ease of communication and principles of smart communities. Subsequently, the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) with the specific focus of social IoT (SIoT) has contributed towards the smart cities (SC), which support the city operations with minimal human interaction. The user-generated data obtained by SIoT can be exploited to produce new useful information for creating citizen-centered smart services for SC. The aim of this research is twofold. Firstly, we used the concept of local and global trust to provide new services in SC based on popular online social networks (OSN) data used by the citizens. Secondly, the sustainability of the three different OSN is assessed. This paper investigates the social network domain with regard to the SC. Although in SC, OSN are increasing day by day, there is still an unresolved issue of trust among their users and also OSN are not much sustainable. In this research, we are analyzing the sustainability of different OSN for the SC. We employ datasets of three different social networks for our analyses. A local trust model is used to identify the central user within the local cluster while the global trust-based framework is used to identify the opinion leaders. Our analysis based on the datasets of Facebook, Twitter, and Slashdot unveil that filtration of these central-local users and opinion leaders result in the dispersion and significant reduction in a network. A novel model is being developed that outlines the relationship between local and global trust for the protection of OSN users in SC. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism uses the data posted by citizens on OSN to propose new services by mitigating the effect of untrusted users.
Highlights
The Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that assimilates a vast amount of ubiquitous and heterogeneous objects which generate information about the physical world continuously
Trust can be described as a trustee’s belief that the trustee will deliver or achieve a trust goal as the intention of the trustee denoted by Tij generally represented as a function: Tij = f tij, t ji, rkij, g j, li where tij and t ji represent the trust between two actors, rkij are the recommendations of ith actor to jth actor about trust to kth actor, g j is the reputation or global trust of jth actor and li is the nature of the trust of ith actor
Most trusted users who are identified on the basis of highest betweenness centrality (BC) values are termed as the opinion leaders [9,51]
Summary
The Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that assimilates a vast amount of ubiquitous and heterogeneous objects which generate information about the physical world continuously. Such objects tend to communicate and provide several services previously inconceivable. Electronics 2020, 9, 918 known as smart objects [1], as they provide information about the real-world with minimum human intervention These smart objects may include an actuator, a smartphone, a sensor, a general computer, etc. In SIoT, objects become socially connected and smart to have many common benefits [18] These objects interact with other objects based on their owners or manufacturers [18]. We infer that billions of objects in IoT can discover and spread out the information and services in a trustworthy manner
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