Abstract
This paper presents a triple-band open-ring high-gain high-efficiency antenna for 2.45/3.0/3.45 GHz wearable applications. The proposed antenna operates at 2.45 GHz for Industrial, Specific, and Medical (ISM) applications, 3.0 GHz for military applications, and 3.45 GHz for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. The proposed triple-band antenna has excellent features for off-body communication, which has directional radiation pattern, high gain, high efficiency, low-specific absorption rate (SAR), and comfortability for wearers. In order to attain these features, the antenna structure consists of two substrates, a rigid substrate and a textile substrate. Two open-ring radiators and a 1 by 2 power divider feeding network are printed on a low-loss rigid substrate. In addition, a square conductive textile is adhered on the backside of the textile substrate. The open-ring radiator generates triple-band at 2.45, 3.0, and 3.45 GHz, in which the inner open-ring excites two resonant modes at high frequencies of 3.0 and 3.45 GHz. The outer open-ring excites a single resonant mode at a low frequency of 2.45 GHz. The outer annular ring is shorted to the ground plane by a shorting pin to miniaturize the antenna size and additionally maintain antenna stability. The conductive textile works as a full-ground plane or protective shield to reduce the electromagnetic waves toward the human body. Therefore, the SARs are significantly minimized. The compatibility of the proposed antenna for off-body communication is verified by measuring the antenna performance in free-space and on phantom/human bodies. The simulated and measured results show very good agreement.
Highlights
Wearable antennas for off-body communication have been drawing tremendous attention
This paper presents a wearable triple-band open-ring antenna for 2.45/3.0/3.45 GHz for ISM, military, and WiMAX applications, respectively
The proposed antenna structure is comprised of two substrates: a rigid substrate and a textile substrate
Summary
Wearable antennas for off-body communication have been drawing tremendous attention. They have been widely applied in various applications in modern life such as physical training, tracking soldiers in the military, healthcare, and activity monitoring systems. As a key component of these applications, wearable antennas are used to transfer the collected data from on-body sensors to external devices or databases. These applications require antennas with a compact size, high gain, high efficiency, directional radiation pattern, low specific absorption rate (SAR), and that provide comfortability to wearers. One of the inherent drawbacks of the wide bandwidth is interference with other wireless systems
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