A Trauma-Informed Approach to the Protection and Support of Witnesses in International Tribunals: Ten Guiding Principles

Abstract

Drawing on the scholarly and clinical work of trauma experts, this article presents a conceptual framework to inform the provision of services for witnesses in international tribunals. In particular, the authors present the following ten principles to guide protection and support practices with witnesses: establish a caring relationship; maintain a safe environment; stabilize physiological and mental functioning; maximize predictability; maximize choices; affirm dignity and value; affirm the power of speech; promote human connection; instil hope; and foster reconnection with ordinary life. The authors discuss these principles according to three clusters, based on their relative salience at different phases of a witness's participation: pre-testimony, during testimony, and post-testimony. For each principle, the authors provide a rationale as well as some examples from the witness unit at the Special Court for Sierra Leone. They also discuss some of the challenges encountered in the effort to adhere to each principle. With modifications to ensure relevance to specific contexts and cultures, the adoption of these principles will enhance the likelihood of positive experiences, and reduce the risk of harm, among individuals who testify in international war crimes trials.