Abstract
The hydraulic behavior of wastewater stabilization ponds operating in different regions in Spain has been investigated using a stimulus-response technique. A tracer, tritiated water, was injected at the entrance of each one of the facultative ponds at five facilities. The resulting time distribution functions were used to calculate the mean hydraulic residence time and the extent of short-circuiting inside the ponds. The percentage of dead volume ranged from 10 to 42%. Treatment efficiency would thus be substantially improved by correcting these large dead volumes. The inlets and outlets of the ponds have been redesigned and are being rebuilt as remedial measures to this problem. The statistical analysis of the results indicates that the completely stirred tank reactor model can be used to represent the hydraulic behavior of all the ponds studied, at a 99% confidence level.
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