Abstract
In the field of bone defect repair, gradient porous scaffolds have received increased attention because they provide a better environment for promoting tissue regeneration. In this study, we propose an effective method to generate bionic porous scaffolds based on the TPMS (triply periodic minimal surface) and SF (sigmoid function) methods. First, cortical bone morphological features (e.g., pore size and distribution) were determined for several regions of a rabbit femoral bone by analyzing CT-scans. A finite element method was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the bone at these respective areas. These results were used to place different TPMS substructures into one scaffold domain with smooth transitions. The geometrical parameters of the scaffolds were optimized to match the elastic properties of a human bone. With this proposed method, a functional gradient porous scaffold could be designed and produced by an additive manufacturing method.
Highlights
The goal of tissue engineering is to promote the regeneration of tissues by combining a scaffold, cells and active molecules
One of the key parameters in the manufacture of tissue engineering scaffolds is the creation of a porous structure inside the scaffold
An ideal tissue scaffold should have the following characteristics[9]: (1) the scaffold should contain a porous structure with high porosity to be conducive to cell growth, nutrient transport and metabolite discharge
Summary
The goal of tissue engineering is to promote the regeneration of tissues by combining a scaffold, cells and active molecules. One of the key parameters in the manufacture of tissue engineering scaffolds is the creation of a porous structure inside the scaffold These internal pores directly affect the growth state of the cells[5,6]. The anisotropic pore structure within the internal scaffold may guide the development of bone growth factor in the direction of the porosity and mechanical gradient, which would be helpful for controlling stem cell differentiation and promoting tissue function. Using the TPMS modeling method[25,26,27], the porosity and pore size distribution of the scaffold could be controlled by adjusting the pore size and morphological controls in the implicit function Using this method, the bionic porous bone scaffolds were accurately constructed with the desired pore parameters. 3D printing technology was used to accurately manufacture the required porous structures
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