Abstract
Dieback in the vineyards is causing a long-term decline in the productivity of the vine stock and/or its sudden or gradual premature death, related to a number of different factors. It is a problem in all wine regions around the world. Its economic importance was estimated to represent €2 billion turnover in 2020 if the trend in yield loss continues at the same pace. How do we diagnose dieback in the wine-growing holdings to provide a better understanding of the risks and to respond? The aim of the work is to identify the factors to be taken into consideration in the development of a dieback self-diagnosis tool for wine growers. The first study takes into account all aspects of the wine-growing system in very mixed French conditions of production. The survey was fielded in 124 wine-growing and contains over a hundred questions. The analysis and classification of the holdings are based on yield and longevity which are constructed from socio-technical and economic data, complementing the agronomic aspects. These parameters have been combined to create a classification of wine-growing holdings affected by dieback. The finished tool is based on the answers to 30 questions identified by the survey. We can calculate a score that places the winery in relation to other wineries in the same situation.
Highlights
Les deperissements du vignoble se traduisent par une baisse pluriannuelle subie de la productivitedu cep et/ou sa mort prematuree brutale ou progressive, liee aune multiplicitede facteurs biologiques, environnementaux et viticoles pouvant affaiblir le cep sur la duree et/ou declencher un processus qui s’avere irreversible en l’absence de moyens de lutte [1]
Les differentes etapes de ces travaux sont presentees ci-apres
D’avantage positionnes sur des objectifs de rendements moyens ahauts, les cooperateurs connaissent cependant moins de situations de non atteinte du rendement
Summary
Les deperissements du vignoble se traduisent par une baisse pluriannuelle subie de la productivitedu cep et/ou sa mort prematuree brutale ou progressive, liee aune multiplicitede facteurs biologiques, environnementaux et viticoles pouvant affaiblir le cep sur la duree et/ou declencher un processus qui s’avere irreversible en l’absence de moyens de lutte [1]. Ce plan d’envergure pour la filiere a permis de lancer des travaux autour de quatre ambitions complementaires et interdependantes que sont la formation et l’accompagnement des viticulteurs, l’amelioration de l’approvisionnement en materiel vegetal, la mise en place d’un observatoire du vignoble et lancement d’un plan de recherche [3]. Depuis 2017, une cinquantaine de formations permettent de former chaque annee plus de 600 personnes ala gestion des deperissements ; 350 viticulteurs se sont regroupes en reseaux pour travailler ensemble sur les maladies du bois, les viroses et le materiel vegetal et 21 programmes de recherche sont finances permettant a 45 equipes de recherche d’ameliorer les connaissances sur les deperissements du vignoble. On estime en France que les deperissements sont responsables d’une baisse de rendement des AOP (Appellations d’Origine Protegee) de 4.6 hL/ha en 2014, soit un manque aproduire de 3.4 millions d’hectolitres pour l’ensemble du vignoble francais [4]. Les differentes etapes de ces travaux sont presentees ci-apres
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