A Ti3C2 modified single electrode electrochemical system for the gold nanoprism-enhanced ECL detection of HER2

Abstract

Breast cancer, constituting 30% of newly diagnosed cancer cases in women globally, remains a critical health issue. Timely identification of cancer biomarkers, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is crucial for prediction, diagnosis, and monitoring. Addressing this challenge, a groundbreaking single-electrode electrochemical system has been developed for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of HER2 antigen. This innovative immunosensor utilizes a sandwich immunoassay technique, incorporating gold nanoprisms to enhance the ECL signal produced by luminol. Noteworthy is the single electrode electrochemical system (SEES), featuring 18 individual electrochemical cells for concurrent analysis of 18 samples.The research introduces a fully integrated and compact ECL immunosensor capable of simultaneously evaluating 18 samples. To boost electrode performance, Ti3C2 MXene modification is applied, enhancing electrical conductivity and facilitating antibody attachment through OH functional groups. Au nanoprisms play a crucial role in intensifying the ECL signal, particularly in the presence of H2O2, enhancing analyte detection. ImageJ software is employed for data analysis, establishing a robust linear correlation between the B value and the logarithm of analyte concentration in artificial sample analysis.In real sample examination, the linear range remains consistent, with an impressive Limit of Detection (LOD) of 5 pg mL−1, highlighting the system's reliability. Its adaptability to diverse antibodies positions it as a versatile tool for detecting a broad spectrum of analytes, enhancing practicality, and facilitating exploration of various substances of interest. The device, maintaining the same framework while adjusting antibodies, emerges as a potent instrument for identifying and quantifying diverse analytes, providing a resilient platform for ongoing research and innovation.