Abstract
Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 7049 corn, soybean/soybean meal, wheat, dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and finished feed samples were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxins (Afla), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Samples were sourced in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Afla, ZEN, DON, FUM and OTA were present respectively in 33%, 45%, 59% 64% and 28% of analyzed samples between 2009 and 2011. From the 23,781 mycotoxin analyzes performed, 81% were positive for at least one mycotoxin. Results of this survey are provided by calendar year, in order to potentially show different trends on mycotoxin occurrence in distinct years: by commodity type and within the same commodity, and by region, to potentially reveal differences in mycotoxin contamination in commodities sourced in diverse regions.
Highlights
Mycotoxins refer to a diverse group of compounds produced by a wide range of different fungi, normally after a phase of balanced growth
Data is grouped for discussion as follows: per calendar year, in order to potentially show different trends in mycotoxin occurrence in distinct years; by commodity type and within the same commodity, and by region, to potentially reveal differences in mycotoxin contamination in commodities sourced in diverse regions
Within the three years of the study, the highest level of Afla was found in a corn sample from Vietnam; two wheat samples from Australia had the highest DON and ZEN levels found, while finished feed from China and Pakistan presented the highest levels of FUM and ochratoxin A (OTA), respectively
Summary
Mycotoxins refer to a diverse group of compounds produced by a wide range of different fungi, normally after a phase of balanced growth. Exposure to fungal spores, weather conditions and climate during planting, growing and harvesting, insect damage, crop management and Toxins 2012, 4 use of fungicides, are some of the factors that influence the growth of fungi on crops and their subsequent mycotoxin production. The presence of mycotoxin-producing fungi in a plant is not always conducive to contamination with mycotoxins. Data is grouped for discussion as follows: per calendar year, in order to potentially show different trends in mycotoxin occurrence in distinct years; by commodity type and within the same commodity, and by region, to potentially reveal differences in mycotoxin contamination in commodities sourced in diverse regions
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