Abstract
In a transmission system, the rotational speed of the output can be adjusted by the system. In this study, we introduce a three-stage rotational transmission nanosystem model that uses carbon nanotubes with excellent mechanical properties to fabricate coaxially distributed nanomotors with three nanobearings. Driven by a gigahertz nanomotor at 300 K, the nanobearings are changed to adjust the output rotational frequency. In view of the differences in chirality and radius of the carbon nanotubes, 17 transmission models are established and tested by molecular dynamics simulation. The rotor’s rotational transmission ratio curves show the dynamic response of the transmission system. A better down-converting transmission system can be obtained when the radius of the rotating component is between 0.58nm and 0.88nm or the difference in radii between the rotating components is greater than 0.2 nm. From the results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation, some key points are demonstrated for future deceleration of the rotary nanomotor.
Highlights
Carbon nanotubes1 are a one-dimensional carbon material with a tubular shape and are of interest for basic scientific investigations, and have the potential to completely change nanodevices, such as nano-transmission systems,2,3 nano-oscillators,4–7 nanometers, nano-bearings,8–11 and nanomotors.12–19 Carbon nanotubes and graphene1 behave in carbon allotropes.1,20–24 First, they have extremely high modulus and strength.25,26 Second, carbon nanotubes are super-lubricated.27–29 In addition, interactions between carbon nanotubes are known
We introduce a three-stage rotational transmission system for carbon nanotubes
To better show the rotational transmission effect of the three rotors, we list in Fig. 2 the time-varying images of the rotational transmission ratios (RTRs) curves of rotors 1–3 for the nine models
Summary
Carbon nanotubes are a one-dimensional carbon material with a tubular shape and are of interest for basic scientific investigations, and have the potential to completely change nanodevices, such as nano-transmission systems, nano-oscillators, nanometers, nano-bearings, and nanomotors. Carbon nanotubes and graphene behave in carbon allotropes. First, they have extremely high modulus and strength. Second, carbon nanotubes are super-lubricated. In addition, interactions between carbon nanotubes are known. In 2015, Cai et al. proposed the concept of a carbon nanotube rotary transmission system, in which short carbon nanotubes were fixed, and the longer internal carbon nanotube rotation frequency could reach the gigahertz range In their model, a rotating carbon nanotube motor is laid coaxially with a nanobearing in a rotating transmission nanosystem. The nanomotor forces the rotor to rotate via van der Waals forces exerted on the adjacent edges Their results show that the rotor in the bearing has axial freedom and can oscillate during the rotation. The system model consisted of two nanobearings arranged coaxially with a motor Their results demonstrate that, when the radial difference between the two rotors is greater than 0.18 nm and less than 0.34 nm, the second rotor has a rotational transmission ratio between 0.1 and 0.9.
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