A three-phase fuzzy multi-criteria decision model for charging station location of the sharing electric vehicle

Abstract

Determining the optimum location for the charging station is a strategic decision issue for a sharing electric vehicle company's sustainable development. This paper provides a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology to select suitable charging station locations. First, 3 criteria, 18 sub-criteria, are identified by the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), and an evaluation criteria system is established. Then, a fuzzy grey relation analysis (GRA)-based model is presented, where the fuzzy best-worst method (BWM) and distance-based fuzzy entropy weight method (EWM) are applied to derive the subjective and objective criteria weights, respectively. Next, the integrated weights are obtained by an optimization model. Moreover, the fuzzy GRA is used to rank the alternatives, where a novel ranking index based on the concept of likelihood ranking is illustrated to select the optimum alternative location. Finally, the comparative analysis of different methods and sensitivity analyses for the weights' fluctuations of criteria and decision makers (DMs) are provided to demonstrate that the method is feasible for charging station location selection.